Computer Fundamentals

Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers

• Definition of a Computer

• Evolution of Computers

• Classification of Computers (Mainframe, Minicomputer, Microcomputer)

• Components of a Computer System (Hardware, Software, Firmware)

Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

  • Architecture (ALU, CU, Registers)

  • Types of CPUs (Single-Core, Dual-Core, Multi-Core)

• Memory

  • RAM (Random Access Memory)

  • ROM (Read-Only Memory)

  • Cache Memory

• Storage Devices

  • Hard Disk Drives (HDD)

  • Solid State Drives (SSD)

  • Optical Drives (CD/DVD/Blu-ray)

  • Flash Drives (USB Drives)

• Input Devices

  • Keyboard

  • Mouse

  • Scanner

  • Webcam

• Output Devices

  • Monitor

  • Printer

  • Speakers

  • Projector

Chapter 3: Computer Software

• Operating Systems

  • Types of OS (Windows, macOS, Linux, Unix)

  • Functions of an Operating System

• Application Software

  • Word Processing Software

  • Spreadsheet Software

  • Presentation Software

  • Database Software

  • Graphics Software

• Utility Software

  • Antivirus Software

  • Disk Cleanup Tools

  • Backup Software

  • Compression Software

Chapter 4: Computer Networks

• Basics of Computer Networks

  • LAN (Local Area Network)

  • WAN (Wide Area Network)

  • WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)

• Internet

  • World Wide Web (WWW)

  • Web Browsers

  • Websites and Webpages

• Email

  • Email Clients

  • Webmail Services

  • Email Protocols (POP, IMAP, SMTP)

• Network Security

  • Firewalls

  • Antivirus Programs

  • Encryption

Chapter 5: Internet and Web Browsing

• Understanding the Internet

• Web Browsers

• Navigating Websites

• Searching for Information

• Internet Protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP)

Chapter 6: Computer Peripherals

• Types of Computer Peripherals

• Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Webcam)

• Output Devices (Monitor, Printer, Speakers, Projector)

• Storage Devices (HDD, SSD, USB Drives, Memory Cards)

Chapter 7: Computer Security

• Basics of Computer Security

• Password Management

• Data Encryption

• Two-Factor Authentication

Chapter 8: Computer Maintenance

• Basic Computer Maintenance Tips

• Software Updates

• Disk Cleanup

• Backup and Recovery

Chapter 9: Computer Ethics

• Introduction to Computer Ethics

• Cybercrime and Cybersecurity

• Intellectual Property Rights

• Privacy Concerns

Chapter 10: Emerging Technologies

• Artificial Intelligence

• Internet of Things (IoT)

• Blockchain Technology

• Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)